Software development used to be mostly inside a company or an organization and had very little external collaboration. Collaborating with partners and others happened only if a contractual relationship existed. Developers were rarely able to share or talk about the work they were doing. You needed to join a company and work under their direction to do coding. There was a lot of work duplication with very little leverage of previous work across the industry. All this changed with the beginning of open-source software in the 1990s.
